Interesting. Obviously an aluminum piston can’t rust so that would mean that rusty water kind of came thru and deposited the rust particles. It’s kind of surprising to me that the rust particles would adhere in that environment. Think about what it must be like inside of a cylinder…a slightly oily environment so nothing sticks, gasoline in there which is a fine solvent, then lots of pressure and heat.
The rust layer looks pretty homogenous too, not like it’s been participating on the piston face in thousands of explosions per minute. So maybe the rusty water got there after the engine was last turned off?
Note also that the coolant passages are not bright orange with massive water jacket rust. If the water in the water jacket wasn’t rusty as heck, then maybe the water that put the rust on the cylinder didn’t come from the water jacket?
None of that provided any answers, but since only you know the history of this engine maybe one of those puzzles might point you in the right direction.