Nothing you’ve written suggests that your head is/was cracked.
When a rocker breakss the valve stays up so there’s no chance of the valve damaging a piston. If you luck is bad, a broken piece of rocker could damage another rocker or the cam. Or could send metal shards down into the oil pan.
Remove the front sheetmetal and rocker arm shaft retaining pin. Then patiently wiggle nudge and push the intake rocker arm shaft forward until you can replace the broken rocker.
If exhaust rocker is damaged then do that one too.
Most likely cause was loose or mis-adjusted rocker eccentrics. 2nd possible cause could be voids in the rocker casting as you described.
I think that it is common to re-adjust valves after a head install. For example…install the head and adjust the valves. Run for a weekend and then check the valves again.